Atom - Electron, Proton & Neutron

Atom

The smallest partical of the element, which remain the properties of the element.

OR

Atom is a Greek word and its means is particle, so atom is smallest particle of the mater, which has properties of element. E.g. Iron, Al, cu, etc

ATOMIC STRUCTURE

An atom is the smallest particle of an element that retains the characteristics of that element. According to the classical Bohr model, atoms have a planetary type of structure that consists of a central nucleus surrounded by orbiting electrons. The nucleus consists of positively charged particles called protons and uncharged particles called neutrons. A Short description about these particles is given below.

FUNDAMENTAL PARTICLES OF THE ATOM

  1. ELECTRON
  2. PROTON
  3. NEUTRON

ELECTRON

It also a fundamental particle of the atom. Electron is a particle which has negative charge. It is negative charge. The amount of the charge is -1.6x10-19 coulomb. Mass of electron is 9.11x10-31 kg or 0.00054859 a.m.u. Since atom has equal number of electrons and protons and they have equal and opposite charges hence they cancel their effect and atom becomes neutral. It is 1836 times lighter than proton. It is revolving around the nucleus.

PROTON

Proton is a particle which has positive charge.It is inside the nucleus. The amount of charge is 1.6x10-19 coulomb. The mass of proton is 1.67x10-27 kg or 1.0072766 a.m.u. It is 1836 times heavier than electron. The number of protons and electrons are equal in an atom.

NEUTRON

Neutron is a neutral particle thus it has not any charge. Hence the name Neutron is derived form the word neutral. It is heavier than electron. It mass is nearly equal to the mass of proton that is equal to 1.6x10-27kg or 1.0086654 a.m.u. It is 1842 times heavier than electron.both the proton and neutron make the atomic mass of the atom. It resits in site the nucleus.

ELECTRONIC CONFIGURATION

We know that electrons are revolving around the nucleus in different position. These positions are called energy levels or shell electrons are distributed among the shell according to 2(N)2 formula.

The number of electron in K shell 2N2 = 2(1)2 = 2

The number of electron in L shell 2N2 = 2(2)2 = 8

The number of electron in M shell 2N2 = 2(3)2 = 18 Etc, etc

The number of electron in the outer most shell is not distributed 2(N) 2 formula. The outer most shell is called valance shell and the electron in it are called valence electron.

FOR EXAMPLE (CU)

ATOMIC NUMBER = 29

The number of electron in K Shell = 2(1) = 2
The number of electron in L shell = 2(2)2 = 8
The number of electron in M shell = 2(3)2 = 18
The number of electron in N shell = 1

Category
Basic Electronics