Ampacities of Insulated Conductors
![lenz Law Explanation](data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSI3NjQiIGhlaWdodD0iMjczIiB2aWV3Qm94PSIwIDAgNzY0IDI3MyI+PHJlY3Qgd2lkdGg9IjEwMCUiIGhlaWdodD0iMTAwJSIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I2NmZDRkYjtmaWxsLW9wYWNpdHk6IDAuMTsiLz48L3N2Zz4=)
The direction of induced current may also be found by lenz's law which was formulated by Lenz in 1835.
![Kirchhoff Voltage Law Circuit](data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIzOTQiIGhlaWdodD0iMTUwIiB2aWV3Qm94PSIwIDAgMzk0IDE1MCI+PHJlY3Qgd2lkdGg9IjEwMCUiIGhlaWdodD0iMTAwJSIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I2NmZDRkYjtmaWxsLW9wYWNpdHk6IDAuMTsiLz48L3N2Zz4=)
Kirchhoff's Voltage Law states that ''The algebraic sum of all voltages (source voltage and voltage drops) is equal to zero around a close path''.
![KCL Circuit](data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIyNDgiIGhlaWdodD0iMzA4IiB2aWV3Qm94PSIwIDAgMjQ4IDMwOCI+PHJlY3Qgd2lkdGg9IjEwMCUiIGhlaWdodD0iMTAwJSIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I2NmZDRkYjtmaWxsLW9wYWNpdHk6IDAuMTsiLz48L3N2Zz4=)
The sum of the current into a junction is equal to the sum of the current out of at junction.
![Class Two Transformer Symbol](data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSI0MCIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNSIgdmlld0JveD0iMCAwIDQwIDM1Ij48cmVjdCB3aWR0aD0iMTAwJSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxMDAlIiBzdHlsZT0iZmlsbDojY2ZkNGRiO2ZpbGwtb3BhY2l0eTogMC4xOyIvPjwvc3ZnPg==)
Class 1 Transformer, Insulation resistance tests between each winding and earth
![Magnetic Field](data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIzNjQiIGhlaWdodD0iMjQwIiB2aWV3Qm94PSIwIDAgMzY0IDI0MCI+PHJlY3Qgd2lkdGg9IjEwMCUiIGhlaWdodD0iMTAwJSIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I2NmZDRkYjtmaWxsLW9wYWNpdHk6IDAuMTsiLz48L3N2Zz4=)
Magnetism is a property of materials that respond at an atomic or subatomic level to an applied magnetic field.
![Effect of iron core in a coil](data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIzNDciIGhlaWdodD0iMTE5IiB2aWV3Qm94PSIwIDAgMzQ3IDExOSI+PHJlY3Qgd2lkdGg9IjEwMCUiIGhlaWdodD0iMTAwJSIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I2NmZDRkYjtmaWxsLW9wYWNpdHk6IDAuMTsiLz48L3N2Zz4=)
The total number of magnetic lines of force of a magnet is called magnetic flux. It is represented by phi (ϕ) and its unit is Weber.
![Mutually Induced EMF](data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSI0MTgiIGhlaWdodD0iMjI4IiB2aWV3Qm94PSIwIDAgNDE4IDIyOCI+PHJlY3Qgd2lkdGg9IjEwMCUiIGhlaWdodD0iMTAwJSIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I2NmZDRkYjtmaWxsLW9wYWNpdHk6IDAuMTsiLz48L3N2Zz4=)
Whenever a conductor is placed in a varying magnetic field, EMF is induced in the conductor and this EMF is called induced EMF.
![Faraday's Law of Electromagnetic Induction](data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSI0NzMiIGhlaWdodD0iMTYwIiB2aWV3Qm94PSIwIDAgNDczIDE2MCI+PHJlY3Qgd2lkdGg9IjEwMCUiIGhlaWdodD0iMTAwJSIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I2NmZDRkYjtmaWxsLW9wYWNpdHk6IDAuMTsiLz48L3N2Zz4=)
First Law of Faraday's Electromagnetic Induction state that whenever a conductor are placed in a varying magnetic field emf are induced which is called induced emf,
![Inductor Winding Capacitance](data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIzNDIiIGhlaWdodD0iMTMwIiB2aWV3Qm94PSIwIDAgMzQyIDEzMCI+PHJlY3Qgd2lkdGg9IjEwMCUiIGhlaWdodD0iMTAwJSIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I2NmZDRkYjtmaWxsLW9wYWNpdHk6IDAuMTsiLz48L3N2Zz4=)
When a length of wire is formed into a coil, as shown in Figure 1, it becomes a basic inductor. The terms coil and inductor are used interchangeably.
A Small Electronics Dictionary Explaining some of the basic phrases used in electronics
![Current](data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSI0NjUiIGhlaWdodD0iMTQyIiB2aWV3Qm94PSIwIDAgNDY1IDE0MiI+PHJlY3Qgd2lkdGg9IjEwMCUiIGhlaWdodD0iMTAwJSIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I2NmZDRkYjtmaWxsLW9wYWNpdHk6IDAuMTsiLz48L3N2Zz4=)
Any charge has the potential to do the work of moving another charge, by either attraction or repulsion.
![Connecting Diodes](data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIyNzYiIGhlaWdodD0iMTgxIiB2aWV3Qm94PSIwIDAgMjc2IDE4MSI+PHJlY3Qgd2lkdGg9IjEwMCUiIGhlaWdodD0iMTAwJSIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I2NmZDRkYjtmaWxsLW9wYWNpdHk6IDAuMTsiLz48L3N2Zz4=)
Diodes allow electricity to flow in only one direction. The arrow of the circuit symbol shows the direction in which the current can flow.
![Coulombs Law Constant](data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSI3MyIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0NyIgdmlld0JveD0iMCAwIDczIDQ3Ij48cmVjdCB3aWR0aD0iMTAwJSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxMDAlIiBzdHlsZT0iZmlsbDojY2ZkNGRiO2ZpbGwtb3BhY2l0eTogMC4xOyIvPjwvc3ZnPg==)
Charles coulomb formulated two laws on the bases of experiments, which are known as electrostatic laws, or coulomb laws of electrostatic.
![Capacitors](data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSI5MCIgaGVpZ2h0PSI4NCIgdmlld0JveD0iMCAwIDkwIDg0Ij48cmVjdCB3aWR0aD0iMTAwJSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxMDAlIiBzdHlsZT0iZmlsbDojY2ZkNGRiO2ZpbGwtb3BhY2l0eTogMC4xOyIvPjwvc3ZnPg==)
Capacitors store electric charge. They are used with resistors in timing circuits because it takes time for a capacitor to fill with charge.